Artichoke

Scientific Name(S): Cynara scolymus L., C. cardunculus, Family: Compositae

Common Name(S): Artichoke, globe artichoke

Artichoke has been used traditionally as food and as a medicinal herb for its diuretic and digestive properties. Artichoke leaves are used by many in connection with gastrointestinal complaints stemming from bile deficiency (in the liver and gall bladder), as well as to stimulate appetite and diuresis.

Botany: The artichoke is native to Mediterranean regions; 80% are grown in Italy, Spain, and France. In the US, most artichokes are grown in the vicinity of Castroville, California. The plant is a perennial herb, growing to approximately 150 cm in height. Its large leaves are thistle-like and are grayish-green on top and white underneath. The edible purple-green flower heads contain leaf-like scales that enclose the bud. The vegetable heads are commonly available in supermarkets in the US and are considered a delicacy, being cooked and served in various ways.

History: The artichoke has been cultivated for thousands of years. In the first century AD, the plant's root was reputed to have been mashed and applied to the body to "sweeten" offensive odors. Artichokes were valued by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The plants were brought to America by French and Spanish explorers. The artichoke has been used for its diuretic, choleretic, and hepato­stimulating properties.

Uses of Artichoke

Artichoke has been used as a diuretic, in the treatment of dyspepsia and other digestive problems, and for its hypoglycemic effects. It also possesses cytoprotective actions in the liver and hypocholesterolemic effects.

Side Effects of Artichoke

Artichoke can cause allergic dermatitis.

Dosage

The German Commission E recommends 6 g of the dried herb or its equivalent per day, usually divided into 3 doses.

Summary: The artichoke has been used for many centuries. It has diuretic and hypoglycemic effects. Its choleretic actions make the plant useful to treat dyspepsia and other digestive problems. Artichoke also demonstrates cytoprotective actions in the liver and hypocholesterolemic effects as well. The main toxicity of the plant is allergic dermatitis.