Butterbur

Scientific Name(S): Petasites Hybridus

Common Name(S): Butterbur, fuki

The butterbur plant (Petasites hybridus) is a shrub found throughout Europe as well as parts of Asia and North America. B utterbur that has been used medicinally for centuries to treat cough, asthma , and skin wounds. The butterbur plant can grow to a height of three feet and is usually found in wet, marshy ground, in damp forests, and adjacent to rivers or streams.

Microscopic analysis of butterbur's pollen grains has been reported and examination of epidermal cells and stomata parts. Anatomical and morphological features of the plant's leaves also have been described.

History: Butterbur's genus name Petasites is derived from the Latin word Petasus, meaning "hat." Some were said to have worn the leaves in this manner. In 1652, herbalist Nicholas Culpeper documented the use of butterbur root to treat plague and fevers by inducing sweat. Traditionally, the antispasmolytic actions of the plant have been used to treat asthma, cough, and GI disorders.

Uses of Butterbur

Butterbur has traditionally been used for its antispasmodic and analgesic properties to aid in treatment of asthma, cough, and GI disorders. It has also been used for urinary tract disorders, bronchial ailments, cramping, and migraines.

Side Effects of Butterbur

Side effects have not been reported, but butterbur's pyrrolizidine alkaloids have damaged organs and caused cancer in animals; limit use. Do not use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Toxicology: Side effects have not been reported but butterbur's pyrrolizidine alkaloids are known to damage organs, primarily the liver, and cause cancer in animals. Daily doses of these alkaloids should not exceed mcg, and duration of use should not exceed 4 to 6 weeks per year. Use of the plant root during pregnancy or breastfeeding is contraindicated.

Enzyme immunoassay for assessing toxic potential of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids from butterbur has been reported.

Summary: Butterbur has been used traditionally for its antispasmodic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory actions.These properties make the plant useful in treating urinary tract disorders, bronchial ailments, cramping, and migraine headaches. The plant's pyrrolizidine alkaloids are liver toxins and cause cancer in animals; therefore, limit butterbur's use.