Chitosan

Scientific Name(S): Chitosan

Common Name(S): Chitosan

Chitosan is a polysaccharide found in the shells of crustaceans.

Like dietary fiber , chitosan is not digestible but may have beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Chitosan may also have an effect on the type of bacteria living in the intestines or on the action of these bacteria.

Source: Chitin is a cellulose-like biopolymer found mainly in exoskeletons of marine invertebrates and arthropods, such as shrimp, crabs or lobsters. Chitin can also be found in fungi and yeasts. Deacylated chitin is called chitosan. Chitosan is unique in that, unlike plant cellulose that is negatively charged, it possesses positively charged amino groups. These bind to the negatively charged lipid and bile components, preventing absorption by the body. "Squid pens" (waste by-product of New Zealand squid processing) are a renewable and inexpensive source of chitosan.

History: Chitosan has been used in the past 30 years in water purification plants to absorb greases, oils, metals and toxic substances. It can absorb four to six times its weight, and ascorbic acid can potentiate this action even further.

Uses of Chitosan

Chitosan has been used in various drug delivery systems. It has antimicrobial and other effects and can be used for kidney failure and to lower cholesterol.

Side Effects of Chitosan

Consult your physician if you are allergic to shellfish or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Dosage

Most human research has used 3-6 grams per day with meals.

Toxicology: Chitosan's toxicity profile is relatively low. Dietary chitosan reportedly affects calcium metabolism in animals. Toxic effects of chitosans are dependent mainly on their chemical composition.

Summary: Chitosan is deacylated chitin, which is a polymer found mainly in shellfish exoskeletons. It has been used in water treatment to soak up grease and other undesirable substances. Chitosan is used in many areas, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries,in medicine as treatment of hyperlipidemias and as biomaterials. It has antimicrobial effects and other actions. Mesa studies report low toxicity profiles, but individuals with
shellfish allergy or pregnant women should consult with their doctors before use. Chitosan may affect mineral metabolism. The chemical composition of chitosans may, affect its toxicity.